📰 Daily Current Affairs Notes — Saturday, August 1, 2026

Sources scanned: PIB India, The Hindu, Indian Express, PRS India, RBI, NITI Aayog, and Chhattisgarh State Government portals.

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Union Cabinet Approves GOBARdhan Scheme for Compressed Biogas Sector — [Economy: GS Paper III]

#### 1. The Core News Report

The Union Cabinet has officially approved a massive outlay of ₹23,371 crore for the GOBARdhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan) scheme aimed at propelling the Compressed Biogas (CBG) sector’s growth across the country. The comprehensive scheme aspires to increase India’s domestic production of CBG tenfold while simultaneously mobilizing large-scale private sector investments into rural and agricultural waste-to-energy infrastructure. The policy push is designed to curb stubble burning, manage organic waste efficiently, reduce import dependencies on fossil fuels, and generate additional revenue streams for farmers through bio-manure and compressed biogas production.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: The financial commitment under GOBARdhan marks a strategic step toward India’s net-zero carbon emission targets by accelerating decentralized renewable energy infrastructure and promoting a circular bio-economy.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Financial outlay, objectives, and administrative nodal ministries involved in the GOBARdhan scheme.

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper III (Conservation, Environmental Pollution & Degradation, Infrastructure: Energy, and Indian Economy).

* Essay: Can be cited in essays concerning sustainable development, rural transformation, waste management, and climate change action.

* Interview: Discussing India’s energy transition strategies and alternative fuel sources like green hydrogen and CBG.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Facts relating to national waste-to-energy initiatives and clean fuel targets.

* Mains Paper: GS Paper III (Economic Development and Infrastructure in Chhattisgarh/India, Energy Sector).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Relevance to rural sanitation, Gobar procurement schemes, and organic manure utilization in state agricultural practices.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important figures / Outlay: ₹23,371 crore financial outlay approved by the Union Cabinet.

* Schemes & Targets: Ten-fold increase in domestic Compressed Biogas (CBG) production targets.

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. Consider the following statements regarding the GOBARdhan scheme:

1. It aims to boost the production of Compressed Biogas (CBG) in the country.

2. It exclusively relies on government budgetary allocation without private sector participation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (A) 1 only (Explanation: The scheme actively seeks to mobilize large-scale private investment alongside public support.)

2. What is the primary objective of the GOBARdhan initiative?

(A) Digital literacy in rural areas

(B) Managing organic waste and converting it into bio-energy and bio-manure

(C) Constructing national highways connecting remote villages

(D) Providing universal banking services

Correct Answer: (B) Managing organic waste and converting it into bio-energy and bio-manure

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. Examine the role of the GOBARdhan scheme in fostering a circular bio-economy, mitigating stubble burning, and strengthening India’s energy security. (250 words, 15 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[GOBARdhan Scheme]` `[Compressed Biogas]` `[Circular Economy]` `[Waste to Energy]` `[Union Cabinet]`

• Related Topics for Revision:

* SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) Initiative

* National Bioenergy Programme

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PM Surya Ghar Scheme Drives Surge in Rooftop Solar Installations — [Environment & Ecology: GS Paper III]

#### 1. The Core News Report

Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) Pralhad Joshi announced that the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana has witnessed more than a tripling of daily rooftop solar installations over the past nine months. Furthermore, the flagship consumer-centric renewable energy scheme has successfully crossed the milestone of over 50 lakh direct beneficiaries. The scheme provides substantial financial subsidies directly to households opting for grid-connected rooftop solar systems, cutting down household electricity expenditures while expanding India’s non-fossil fuel electricity generation capacity.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: Accelerating rooftop solar adoption is critical for India to achieve its ambitious climate pledges made at international forums, including crossing 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: PM Surya Ghar scheme details, targets, subsidy structures, and nodal ministry (MNRE).

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper III (Environmental Conservation, Infrastructure, Energy Security).

* Essay: Utility of decentralized renewable energy as an instrument for climate justice and empowerment.

* Interview: Questions regarding consumer adoption hurdles for solar power and DISCOM financial health.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Central sector renewable energy schemes and household solar adoption statistics.

* Mains Paper: GS Paper III (Science and Technology, Energy Resources and Environmental management).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Implementation of solar rooftop schemes across urban and rural local bodies in Chhattisgarh.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important figures: Over 50 lakh beneficiaries crossed; daily installations tripled in 9 months.

* Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. With reference to the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, consider the following statements:

1. It aims to provide free electricity through grid-connected rooftop solar systems to residential households.

2. It is implemented by the Ministry of Power.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (A) 1 only (Explanation: Statement 2 is incorrect because the scheme is administered by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), not the Ministry of Power.)

2. The PM Surya Ghar scheme primarily targets which of the following segments?

(A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing units

(B) Residential rooftop solar installations

(C) Commercial agricultural pump sets

(D) Offshore wind energy farms

Correct Answer: (B) Residential rooftop solar installations

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. Discuss the significance of decentralized rooftop solar schemes like PM Surya Ghar in achieving India’s long-term decarbonization and energy independence goals. (150 words, 10 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[PM Surya Ghar Scheme]` `[Rooftop Solar]` `[MNRE]` `[Renewable Energy]` `[Energy Transition]`

• Related Topics forRevision:

* International Solar Alliance (ISA)

* National Solar Mission

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India Maintains Robust Coal Stocks to Meet 62 Days of Power Demand — [Economy: GS Paper III]

#### 1. The Core News Report

The Ministry of Coal reported that India currently holds sufficient coal stocks across thermal power plants and pitheads to comfortably meet 62 days of continuous power generation demand. Domestic coal production in July registered a strong year-on-year growth of 7.51%, while coal dispatches surged by 17.34%. This robust supply cushion highlights improved logistical efficiency via the railways and enhanced mining output, ensuring uninterrupted electricity supply across industrial, commercial, and domestic sectors during peak demand cycles.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: Adequate thermal coal inventory prevents electricity grid failures, supports continuous industrial manufacturing, and insulates the domestic economy from international fuel price volatility.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Coal sector statistics, production growth trends, and energy security indicators.

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Infrastructure: Energy, Mining sector reforms).

* Essay: Balancing traditional fossil fuel dependency with renewable energy transition goals in developing nations.

* Interview: Assessing India’s energy trilemma: energy security, affordability, and sustainability.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Mineral distribution, coal production statistics, and core sector performance.

* Mains Paper: GS Paper III (Economy of Chhattisgarh, Mineral Resources, Infrastructure).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Chhattisgarh’s pre-eminent role as a major coal-producing state powering thermal plants nationwide.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important figures: Coal inventory covers 62 days of national power demand; July production grew by 7.51%.

* Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Coal.

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. Consider the following statements regarding India’s coal sector performance:

1. Coal production in recent months has shown positive year-on-year growth.

2. India’s current thermal coal stock buffer is adequate to cover less than a week of power generation demand.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (A) 1 only (Explanation: Statement 2 is incorrect; current stocks are sufficient to meet approximately 62 days of power demand.)

2. Which ministry oversees coal production and dispatches in India?

(A) Ministry of Power

(B) Ministry of Mines

(C) Ministry of Coal

(D) Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Correct Answer: (C) Ministry of Coal

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. Analyze the challenges and strategies involved in balancing India’s immediate thermal coal security with long-term climate commitments. (250 words, 15 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[Coal Ministry]` `[Energy Security]` `[Thermal Power]` `[Mining Sector]` `[Infrastructure]`

• Related Topics for Revision:

* Commercial Coal Mining Auctions in India

* Just Transition Policy for Coal-Dependent Regions

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RBI Releases Updated List of Upper Layer Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC-UL) — [Economy: GS Paper III]

#### 1. The Core News Report

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released its updated list of Upper Layer Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC-UL) under its Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework. Prominent entities such as Tata Sons figure prominently on this list, triggering heightened regulatory compliance obligations and renewed industry speculation regarding mandatory stock market listings under RBI guidelines. The Upper Layer classification applies to NBFCs that warrant enhanced regulatory oversight due to their asset size, systemic risk implications, and interconnectedness with the broader financial system.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: The Scale Based Regulation framework ensures that systemically important shadow banks are regulated stringently to prevent systemic financial contagion and protect depositor and investor interests.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: RBI’s Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework, NBFC-Upper Layer classification criteria, and regulatory powers of RBI.

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper III (Indian Economy, Banking Sector Reforms, Monetary Policy and Financial Stability).

* Essay: The evolving role of shadow banking and regulatory challenges in modern market economies.

* Interview: Discussing systemic risks posed by large conglomerates and non-banking financial institutions.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Regulatory roles of the Reserve Bank of India and financial sector definitions.

* Mains Paper: GS Paper III (Indian and State Economy, Banking and Financial Institutions).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Access to formal credit and financial inclusion initiatives across tier-2 and tier-3 cities in Chhattisgarh.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important figures / Framework: RBI Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework categorizing NBFCs into Base, Middle, Upper, and Top Layers.

* Organizations: Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. Under the Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework introduced by the Reserve Bank of India, how are Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) categorized based on systemic risk?

(A) Base Layer, Middle Layer, Upper Layer, and Top Layer

(B) Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III only

(C) Retail Layer and Wholesale Layer

(D) Publicly Traded and Privately Held Layers

Correct Answer: (A) Base Layer, Middle Layer, Upper Layer, and Top Layer

2. Which of the following bodies regulates Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India?

(A) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

(B) Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)

(C) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

(D) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDAI)

Correct Answer: (C) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. Examine the rationale behind the Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework for NBFCs by the RBI. How does it mitigate systemic risks in India’s financial sector? (150 words, 10 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[RBI]` `[NBFC-UL]` `[Scale Based Regulation]` `[Financial Stability]` `[Shadow Banking]`

• Related Topics for Revision:

* Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework for NBFCs

* Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC)

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NASA Astronauts Conduct Historic Space Station Spacewalk Upgrade — [Science & Technology: GS Paper III]

#### 1. The Core News Report

NASA astronauts Anil Menon and Jessica Meir successfully undertook a complex spacewalk outside the International Space Station (ISS) to execute vital structural upgrades and maintenance. The extravehicular activity marked the 281st spacewalk in support of the orbiting laboratory, representing the sixth spacewalk for astronaut Jessica Meir and the historic first spacewalk for astronaut Anil Menon. The mission involved servicing power channels, upgrading solar array support structures, and enhancing scientific payload capacities on the station.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: International collaborative efforts on the ISS remain vital for testing deep-space technologies, microgravity research, and maintaining orbital infrastructure for future lunar and Martian missions.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: International Space Station (ISS), space exploration milestones, and space missions involving persons of Indian origin.

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper III (Science and Technology: Space missions, Awareness in IT, Space, Computers, Robotics).

* Essay: International scientific cooperation and humanity’s expansion into outer space.

* Interview: Discussing India’s growing space stature alongside international collaborations like NASA-ISRO missions.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: General science and prominent international space missions.

* Mains Paper: GS Paper III (Science and Technology).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Inspiring scientific temperament among youth in tribal and rural regions of Chhattisgarh.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important figures / Missions: 281st spacewalk supporting the ISS; astronauts Anil Menon and Jessica Meir.

* Organizations: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. Consider the following statements regarding the International Space Station (ISS):

1. It is a modular space station orbiting in low Earth orbit as a multinational collaborative project.

2. Spacewalks conducted outside the ISS are officially termed Extravehicular Activities (EVAs).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

2. What is the primary purpose of extravehicular activities (EVAs) conducted by astronauts on the ISS?

(A) Conducting lunar landing rehearsals

(B) Maintenance, repairs, and installation of external scientific equipment

(C) Testing domestic telecommunication satellites

(D) Disposing of hazardous earth waste in orbit

Correct Answer: (B) Maintenance, repairs, and installation of external scientific equipment

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. Highlight the significance of international space laboratories like the ISS in advancing human spaceflight and microgravity research. (150 words, 10 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[NASA]` `[International Space Station]` `[Spacewalk]` `[Space Technology]` `[Anil Menon]`

• Related Topics for Revision:

* Gaganyaan Mission (ISRO)

* Artemis Accords

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Gujarat High Court Rules Starvation-Driven Infanticide a Collective Failure — [Social Issues: GS Paper II]

#### 1. The Core News Report

In a landmark observation while granting bail to a destitute woman accused of killing her child due to extreme poverty, the Gujarat High Court held that such tragedies cannot be viewed merely as individual criminal acts. Justice Hasmukh D. Suthar emphasized that starvation-driven crimes reflect deep systemic shortcomings in ensuring access to basic human necessities, food security, healthcare, and human dignity. The court ruled that chronic poverty and state failure to provide safety nets constitute a “collective failure” of society and governance institutions.

#### 2. Examination Analysis (Why it is Important & Exam Relevance)

• Why it is Important: The ruling underscores the judiciary’s role in linking criminal jurisprudence with socio-economic rights, enforcing the Right to Life under Article 21 to encompass food security and dignity.

• UPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Constitutional provisions (Article 21), Right to Food, National Food Security Act (NFSA), and judicial activism.

* GS Paper (I / II / III): GS Paper II (Governance, Welfare Schemes, Vulnerable Sections, Judiciary’s Role).

* Essay: Poverty, human dignity, state responsibility, and the moral dimensions of social justice.

* Interview: Examining the intersection of criminal law, penology, and socio-economic deprivations in India.

• CGPSC Relevance:

* Prelims: Constitutional Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

* Mains Paper: GS Paper II (Indian Constitution, Governance, Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation Schemes).

* Chhattisgarh Special: Public Distribution System (PDS) effectiveness and nutritional security programs in tribal districts of Chhattisgarh.

• Key Facts to Remember:

* Important Legal Principle: Starvation and extreme poverty as indicators of systemic governance failures under Article 21.

* Court: Gujarat High Court.

• Possible Prelims MCQs:

1. The Right to Food, as interpreted by Indian courts and implied in constitutional provisions, is primarily anchored under which Article of the Constitution of India?

(A) Article 14

(B) Article 19

(C) Article 21

(D) Article 32

Correct Answer: (C) Article 21 (Explanation: The Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 has been expanded by the judiciary to include the right to live with human dignity, food, and health.)

2. Which of the following statutory measures directly addresses food security at the national level in India?

(A) National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013

(B) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

(C) Juvenile Justice Act, 2015

(D) Right to Information Act, 2005

Correct Answer: (A) National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013

• Possible Mains Questions:

1. “Poverty and starvation-induced crimes are not merely individual transgressions but symptoms of systemic socio-economic failure.” Discuss with reference to recent judicial observations and welfare obligations of the State. (250 words, 15 marks)

• Keywords / Tags: `[Right to Life]` `[Article 21]` `[Poverty and Starvation]` `[Judicial Observations]` `[Social Justice]`

• Related Topics for Revision:

* National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013

* Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) relating to livelihood and nutrition

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